Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine. It occurs when the immune system reacts to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. The reaction damages the lining of the small intestine and prevents the body from absorbing nutrients properly.
Celiac disease is more common than many people realize. According to the Celiac Disease Foundation, it affects about 1% of the population worldwide. However, many cases of celiac disease go undiagnosed, making the true prevalence difficult to determine.
Symptoms of Celiac Disease
The symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely from person to person, and some people may not experience any symptoms at all. Common symptoms of celiac disease include:
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Digestive Issues: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, and gas are some of the most common digestive symptoms associated with celiac disease.
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Fatigue: People with celiac disease often feel tired and have low energy levels.
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Weight Loss: People with celiac disease may experience unexplained weight loss.
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Anemia: Celiac disease can cause anemia, which is a shortage of red blood cells. Anemia can cause fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
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Skin Rash: Some people with celiac disease develop a skin rash called dermatitis herpetiformis, which causes itchy, blistering skin.
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Depression and Anxiety: Celiac disease can also cause psychological symptoms like depression and anxiety.
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Joint Pain: Some people with celiac disease experience joint pain and stiffness.
Diagnosis and Treatment
If you suspect you have celiac disease, it’s important to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis. Diagnosis typically involves a blood test to look for antibodies to gluten, followed by a biopsy of the small intestine to confirm the diagnosis.
The only effective treatment for celiac disease is to follow a strict gluten-free diet. This means avoiding all foods that contain wheat, barley, and rye. With a gluten-free diet, the small intestine can heal, and symptoms can be managed effectively.
In conclusion, celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine. The symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely from person to person, and some people may not experience any symptoms at all. If you suspect you have celiac disease, it’s important to see a doctor for a proper diagnosis and to follow a strict gluten-free diet to manage symptoms effectively.
